Artificial Intelligence (AI), also called as machine intelligence is demonstrated by the machines or basically computers. Unlike natural intelligence displayed by the humans and animals these machines are associated with the functions like learning and problem solving likewise of the human mind that runs with cognitive functions. Some of the modern machine capabilities includes understanding human speech, search and optimisation, strategic game development systems such as chess, Sudoku, autonomously operating cars, routing in delivery networks and military simulations. In the twenty-first century AI have become an essential part of the human life in promoting technological industry, computer science, software engineering and operations researches.
History of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence was first developed at a workshop at Dartmouth college in 1956, where the term “Artificial Intelligence” was coined by John McCarthy, an American computer and cognitive scientist to distinguish the field from cybernetics and escape the influences of the cyberneticist Norbert Weiner. In late 1950’s computers were successful in learning checkers strategies, proving logical theorems and speaking English, by the Middle of 1960’s, research in the U.S. on AI was heavily funded by the Department of Defense to improve its operation techniques. There has been many up’s and downs in the path of developing the AI to satisfy both U.S and British governments. Parallel to the new inventions that happened in the late 20th century AI has developed its functions more flexibly. By the early 20th century, AI began to be used for logistics, data mining, medical diagnosis and many other purposes. However, there are four types of Artificial Intelligence: Reactive machines, Limited memory, Theory of Mind and Self awareness.
A plain view on Artificial Intelligence
The overall goal of artificial intelligence is to create a technology that allows computers and machines to function in an intelligent manner. The general problem of creating this type of intelligence has been broken into sub-problems which consists of particular traits such as Reasoning, problem solving, knowledge representation, planning, learning, natural language processing, social and general intelligence etc; with the development of two classes of models: structuralist and functionalist, where the structuralist model aims at mimicking the basic intelligence operations such as logic and reasoning and the functionalist model at correlating data to its computed counterpart. The AI besides confining itself to develop machines and solving cognitive problems it also helps in understanding and maintaining human biology. Anthropomorphic features like an artificial brain or simulated child development may someday reach a critical point where general intelligence emerges.
“The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of human race. Once humans develop artificial intelligence it will take off on its own and redesign itself at an ever-increasing rate. Humans, who are limited by slow biological evolution, couldn’t compete and would be superseded” – Stephen Hawking. Like physicist Hawking, Microsoft founder Bill Gates, SpaceX founder Elon Musk and tech titan Peter Thiel representing Amazon Web services have expressed their concerns about the possibility of AI could evolve in such a way that humans could not control it. However, other technology developers like Oracle CEO Mark Hurd, Mark Zukerberg believes that AI actually helps humans to unlock positive things and creates many jobs to manage artificial intelligence.
The widespread use of artificial intelligence could have unintended consequences that are dangerous and undesirable. The scientists have proposed to continue optimizing function while minimizing possible security risks that come along with new technologies. Many intellectuals are concerned about the development of machines and robots that can take up and replace human beings leaving humans unemployed. If machines can do every work that humans can then there are chances for machines to take control over everything from lifting builders to maintaining space and the world. It is in the hands of human to develop artificial intelligence to find solutions for the hard tasks that risks life instead of basic problems that replaces human cognition with that of inbuilt, shareable cognition before it takes over the complete command over human beings.
Havila Reddy Kolli @Samacharline